ÿþ<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"> <html dir="rtl"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1256"> <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="ar-tn"> <title>OEGEQN'* 'D'4*1'CJQJF 'D/JEB1'7JJF 'D1QOH3</title> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../archive.css"> </head> <body> <DIV align=center> <TABLE id=table1 borderColor=#ffffff cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="96%" bgColor=#ffffff border=2> <TBODY> <TR> <TD> <P class=titl_xx>EOGEQN'* 'D'4*1'CJQJF 'D/JEB1'7JJF 'D1QOH3 </P></TD></TR> <TR> <TD> <HR> <P class=notes><B>C*(G'</B> AD'/JEJ1 DJFJF AJ 'DEFAI AJ #H'.1 9'E 1897 <BR><B>F41*</B> D#HD E1) AJ C1'3 9DI -/) AJ ,FJA 9'E 1898. DJFJF. 'DE$DA'*  'D7QN(9) 'D1QOH3J) 'D.'E3)  'DE,D/ 2  5   445- 470. <BR><B>'D*-HJD 'D1BEJ</B>: 3'E (1F1 (E'13 2008)</P> <HR> </TD></TR> <TR> <TD>    <P class==parag_titl_x> <B>E-*HJ'* :</B><BR></P> <P class=text_18><A href="#2nd"><B>EB/E) 'D7QN(9) 'D+QN'FJ)</B></A></P> <P class=text_18><A href="#3rd"><B>EB/E) 'D7QN(9) 'D+QN'D+)</B></A></P> <P class=text_18><A href="tasks.htm"><B>EGE'* 'D'4*1'CJQJF  'D/QPJEHB1'7JQJF 'D1QOH3</B> </A></P> <P class=text_18><A href="workers.htm"><B>"%DI 'D9E'D H'D'4*1'CJQJF AJ (713(H1: EF "'*-'/ 'DFQP6'D </A></B></P> <BR> <P class=text_18><B>EF 'D/'1 :</B></P> <P class=text 18>G0G 'D*1,E) DE$DA DJFJF "EGE'* 'D'4*1'CJQJF - 'D/QPJEB1'7JQJF 'D1QOH3" *E* FBD'K 9F 'DFQN5QP 'DH'1/ AJ 'D7QN(9) 'D1QOH3J) 'D.'E3) DE$DA'* DJFJF  EF %9/'/ E9G/ 'DE'1C3JQN) 'DDJFJFJQN) D/I 'DDQ,F) 'DE1C2JQN) DD-2( 'D4JH9JQP AJ 'D'*-'/ 'D3HAJJ*JQ.</P> <P class==parag_titl><B><a name="2nd">EOB/E) 'D7QN(9) 'D+QN'FJ)</a></B><BR> <P class=text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class=text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'D.'7&) H'D#HG'E 'D*J *-EDGE 9DI 'DHBHA 9DI G'E4 'D-1C) 'D,/J/). </P> <P class=text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class=text_18>DB/ 0G( 'DF'1H/HAHDJHF  AJ 3J'B .D9 -DDGE 'DB/JE)  %DI -/QP #FGE *-HDH' %DI "'4*1'CJJF  +H1JJF"* HC#FGE (G0G 'D*3EJ) ('D0'*  B/ (JFH' #FGE HBAH' AJ EF*5A 'D71JB. DB/ *#.1H' 9F 'D'4*1'CJQ) "'D1QOH3J)"** 'DB/JE)  HDCFGE DE JD-BH' (('D'4*1'CJQ)  'D/QPJEB1'7JQ)) 'D,/J/). #E' 'DF81J) 'DH-J/) DD'4*1'CJ) 'D+QNH1JQ)  'DF81J) 'D*J D' *91A 'D%F3'FJ) 'DE9'51) :J1G'  #J 'DE'1C3JQN)  A%FGE J-JDHFG' %DI 'D#14JA'* '3*F'/'K %DI FB/ (1,H'2J "'D'4*1'CJQHF"! 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AD' *2'D AJ 1H3J' C+1) C+J1) EF 'D9F'51 'D',*E'9JQ) H'D8QO1HA 'D',*E'9JQ) 'D*J *:0J *0(0( 'DE+BAJF  H*+J1 1:() 'D#A1'/ 0J 'DEJHD 'D1'/JC'DJQ) AJ 'D,E9 (JF 'DB/JE 'D0J HDI 9G/G H'D-/J+ 'D/'1, :J1 'DE$GD DD-J')  H*9JBGE 9F /E, B6J*GE E9 'D(1HDJ*'1J' 'D*J *.H6 F6'DG' 'D7QN(BJQ  (-J+ #FG 3J*1*( 9DI 'D'4*1'CJQ)  'D/QPJEB1'7JQ) 'D1QOH3J) #F *-3( 'D-3'( DEJD #H EJHD E+D "'D'4*1'CJQ)  'D+QNH1JQ)"  E' /'E 'D*QN7HQO1 'D1#3E'DJQ H*#2E 'D*F'B6'* 'D7QN(BJQ) DE JB6J' 9DI CD *1() DG'.</P> <P class=text_18>#E' 'DF'1H/H(1'AJHF 'D0JF *EJ2' AJ 9'E 1897 (B/1 EF 'D*0(0( H'D:EH6 (#F81 AJE' (9/ 5 5 20- 22)* D' JBD 9F 'DB/1 'D0J J*EJ2 (G 'D'4*1'CJQHF  'D+QNH1JQHF 'D-'DJHF  AB/ :'/1H' 'DE31- EF ,1'! 0DC (319) ('D:). HDCF AC1*GE "'D15JF)"  A5D E7D( 'D-1J) 'D3QPJ'3JQ) A5D'K *'E'K 9F 'D'4*1'CJQ)  DE *E* HDE JCF EF 'DEECF #F *EH* D#F 'D*J'1'* 'DDQPJ(1'DJQ) 'D/QPJEB1'7JQ) BHJ) ,/'K AJ 1H3J' HGJ *2/'/ BH) 9DI BH) (JF #C+1 'DA&'* *('JF'K EF 'D(1,H'2JQ) 'DC(J1) H'D5QN:J1). 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H%FF' %0 FA6- CD F5'A) EF ,'F( 'DDQPJ(1'DJQJF  CD E-'HD) EF ,'F(GE DE:'2D) 'D-CHE)  A6-'K D' GH'/) AJG HD' HGF AJG  %FE' F69A ('D*'DJ H3HA F69A ,'F( 'D.J'F) G0' EF 'DFQN4'7 'D3QPJ'3JQ 'D0J J(0DG 'D3'/) 'D(1,H'2JQHF 'DDQPJ(1'DJQHF  H3HA F4D ('D*'DJ J/GE 'DJ31I HF$EF #C(1 'DF*'&, D9ED J/GE 'DJEFI. </P> <P class=text_18>HGC0' .7' 'DF'1H/HAHDJHF H'DF'1H/H(1'AJHF 9DI 'D3H'! .7H'* C(J1) ,/'K %DI 'D#E'E EF -J+ *7HJ1 H*-/J/ H5J':) E7'E-GE 'D-BJBJ) H7('&9GE 'D-BJBJ). H%F 'D51'9 'D0J C'F AJ 'DF5A 'D#HD EF 'D3FH'* 'D*39JF AJ 'DB1F 'DE'6J 51'9'K (JF -DB'* :J1 C(J1) EF 'D4('( 'D+QNH1JQ  JF(9+ 'D"F (H5AG 51'9'K -'3E'K (JF 'DEJHD 'D3QPJ'3JQ) 'DF'6,) H'D#-2'( 'D3QPJ'3JQ) 'D-BJBJ). </P> <P class=text_18>HF81'K D0DC  *(/H %9'/) 7(9 "'DEGE'*"  -3( CD '-*E'D  #E1'K D' J.DH EF 'DA'&/) (E9FI #FG' *0C1 #96'! 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'DE$DA'*  'D7QN(9) 'D1QOH3J) 'D.'E3)  'DE,D/ 2  5 5 437- 442.</P><BR> <P class==parag_titl><B><a name="3rd">EOB/E) 'D7QN(9) 'D+QN'D+) </a></B><BR> <P class=text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class=text_18>F. DJFJF </P> <P class=text_18>"(/ #:373 1905</P><BR> <P class=text_18>5/1* DDE1) 'D#HDI AJ .1JA 1905 AJ C1'3 7(9*G 'DDQ,F) 'DE1C2J) D-2( 'D9E'D 'D'4*1'CJQ  'D/QPJEHB1'7JQ 'D1QOH3J. DJFJF. 'DE$DA'*  'D7QN(9) 'D1QOH3J) 'D.'E3)  'DE,D/ 2  5 5 443- 444. </P>  </div>  <div align="center">  <table border="1" width="96%" id="table2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  bordercolor="#FFFFFF">  <tr>  <td align="center"><a href="../../../../index.htm">  <img border="0" src="../../img/buttons/mia.gif" width="155"  height="30"></a></td>  <td align="center"><a href="../../../index.htm">  <img border="0" src="../../img/buttons/arabic.gif" width="155"  height="30"></a></td>  <td align="center"><a href="../../index.htm">  <img border="0" src="../../img/buttons/marxists.gif" width="155"  height="30"></a></td>  <td align="center"><a href="../index.htm">  <img border="0" src="../../img/buttons/lenin.gif" width="155"  height="30"></a></td>  </tr>  </table>  </div>  </body>  </html>