ÿþ<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"> <HTML dir=rtl><HEAD><TITLE>Reference Writers</TITLE> <META http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; charset=unicode"> <META http-equiv=Content-Language content=ar-tn><LINK href="reference.css" type=text/css rel=stylesheet> <META content="MSHTML 6.00.2900.2769" name=GENERATOR></HEAD> <BODY> <P class=notes>&nbsp;</P> <DIV align=center> <TABLE id=table1 style="BORDER-RIGHT: #99bb99 8px solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 4px; BORDER-TOP: #99bb99 8px solid; PADDING-LEFT: 4px; PADDING-BOTTOM: 1px; BORDER-LEFT: #99bb99 8px solid; PADDING-TOP: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM: #99bb99 8px solid" cellSpacing=10 cellPadding=5 width="90%" bgColor=#ffffff border=0> <TBODY> <TR> <TD class=parag_numb colSpan=2><IMG style="BORDER-TOP: #000080 5px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000080 5px solid" height=100 src="title.gif" width=600 border=0></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #99bb99 2px solid" vAlign=top width="100%" colSpan=2><FONT color=#99bb99><B class=parag_numb>3J'3JHF</B></FONT></TD></TR> <TR> <TD vAlign=top width="50%" bgColor=#fafafa><SPAN class=name><A href="stalin/index.htm">,H2JA 3*'DJF</A></SPAN> <SPAN class=date>(1879-1953)</SPAN> <P class=note>96H AJ 'D-2( 'D(D4AJ. EAH6 'D,F3J'* (9/ +H1) #C*H(1. *H5D (9/ EF'H1'* 3J'3J) %DI E1C2 'D#EJF 'D9'E DD-2(. B/E F81J) "'D'4*1'CJ) AJ (D/ H'-/". B'E (9EJ'* *7GJ1 4'ED) 6/ E9'16JG. 4'1C AJ 'D-1( 'D9'DEJ) 'D+'FJ) H'F*51 9DI 'DF'2JJF.</P></TD></TR> <TR> <TD vAlign=top width="50%" bgColor=#fafafa><SPAN class=name>CJE %JD 3HF:</SPAN> <SPAN class=date>(1946  1994)</SPAN> <P class=note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vAlign=top width="50%" bgColor=#fafafa><SPAN class=name><A href="mao/index.htm">E'H *3J *HF:</SPAN></A> <SPAN class=date>(1893- 1976)</SPAN> <P class=note>HD/ HF4# 6EF E-J7 1JAJ AD'-J. 'F*.( 6EF 'DD,F) 'DE1C2J) DD-2( 'D4JH9J 'D5JFJ AJ 3F <SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: 400">29</SPAN>. 3'9/ EF <SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: 400">1931</SPAN> %DI <SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: 400">1934</SPAN> 9DI *#3J3 3HAJ'*'* ,EGH1J) 'D5JF H'F*.( 1&J3G'. G2E 'DJ'('F H 'DCHEF*': H#33 ,EGH1JI 'D5JF 'D49(J) AJ #C*H(1 <SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: 400">1949</SPAN>.</P></TD> <TR> <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #99bb99 2px solid" vAlign=top width="100%" colSpan=2> <P><FONT color=#99bb99><B class=parag_numb>AD'3A)</B></FONT></P></TD></TR> <TR> <TD vAlign=top width="50%" bgColor=#fafafa><SPAN class=name>A1J/1JC GJ:D</SPAN> <SPAN class=date>(1770-1831)</SPAN> <P class=note>#GE EE+D DDAD3A) 'DCD'3JCJ) 'D#DE'FJ). 7H1 'DAD3A) 'DE+'DJ) 9(1 5(:G' ('D,/D. ('-+ 9(B1J AJ BH'FJF 'D,/D 'D*J C'F #HD EF 7(BG' 9F #/1'C. #+1 AJ 9/) AD3A'* D'-B) EFG' 'DE'1C3J). *9*(1 AD3A*G 01H) *7H1 'DAD3A) 'DE+'DJ).</P></TD> <TD vAlign=top width="50%" bgColor=#fafafa><SPAN class=name>,HF (HD 3'1*1</SPAN> <SPAN class=date>(1905-1980)</SPAN> <P class=note>1H'&J HC'*( E31-J. EE+D DDAD3A) 'DH,H/J) ('DED-/)). B'HE E' 3EQ'G "'D2H', 'D(1,H'2J" H#B'E 9D'B) /'&E) E9 3JE'F /J (HAH'1. *9DB '3EG ('D'4*1'CJ) AJ 'D.E3JF'*. 1A6 ,'&2) FH(D DD#/( 3F) <SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: 400">1964</SPAN>.</P></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #99bb99 2px solid" vAlign=top width="100%" colSpan=2> <P><FONT color=#99bb99><B class=parag_numb>'B*5'/JHF</B></FONT></P></TD></TR> <TR> <TD vAlign=top width="50%" bgColor=#fafafa><SPAN class=name>"/E 3EJ+</SPAN> <SPAN class=date>(1723-1790)</SPAN> <P class=note>'B*5'/J 3CH*D'F/J. '9*(1 E$33 9DE 'D'B*5'/ 'DCD'3JCJ. C'F #HD EF #CED F81J) 4'ED) DD'B*5'/ 'D3J'3J. 1#I #F 'D9ED GH 'DE5/1 H'DEBJ'3 'DH-J/ DDBJE) H C'F #HD EF 5': 'D1#J 'DB'&D #F BJE) 'D3D9 D' *-// (BJE*G' 'D'3*9E'DJ) (D (BJE*G' 'D*('/DJ).</P></TD> <TD vAlign=top width="50%" bgColor=#fafafa><SPAN class=name>/'AJ/ 1JC'1/H</SPAN> <SPAN class=date>(1772-1823)</SPAN> <P class=note>'B*5'/J 'FCDJ2J B/E 4CD EEFG,J' HCD'3JCJ D9DE 'D'B*5'/. *,3/* 9BJ/*) "/9G J9ED" EF .D'D "B'FHF 'D#,1 'D-/J/J" 'D0J #C/ 9DI #FG D' ,/HI EF CD 'DE-'HD'* D*-3JF 'D#,1 'D-BJBJ DD9E'D H#FG EF 'D61H1J 9DI 'D#,1 #F J(BI B1J(' EF "-/ 'DCA'A".</P></TD></TR> <TR> <TD class=notes vAlign=top width="100%" colSpan=2>&nbsp;</TD></TR> <TR> <TD class=notes style="BORDER-TOP: #008000 1px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #008000 1px solid" vAlign=top width="100%" colSpan=2> <P style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><FONT face="Traditional Arabic"><FONT color=#008000 size=4>F-*', %DI E*7H9JF: %0' E' 1:(*E AJ 'DE3'9/) AJ *7HJ1 #-/ G'*G 'D#B3'E #H .DB #B3'E ,/J/) DC*'( ".1JF F1,HCE </FONT><A href="mailto:arabic@marxists.org"><FONT color=#008000 size=4>'D'*5'D (F'</FONT></A><FONT color=#008000 size=4>.</FONT></FONT></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV></BODY></HTML>