Written: 1908.
Published in English: Russell and Russell, 1953.
Translated: Henry F. Mins.
Transcribed: Sally Ryan.
Proofread: Jay Blackwood (September 2020–January 2021).
In the original scan 1½ paragraphs were omitted in Book Two: Chapter 3. These have been replaced from 1925 International Publishers edition. The passage is enclosed in square brackets.
I. The Pagan Sources
II. The Christian Sources
III. The Dispute Over the Concept of Jesus
I. The Slave Economy
Landed Property
Domestic Slavery
Slavery in Commodity Production
The Technological Inferiority of the Slave Economy
The Economic Decline
II. The State
State and Commerce
Patricians and Plebeians
The Roman State
Usury
Absolutism
III. Thought and Sentiment in the Age of the Roman Empire
Insecurity
Credulity
Untruthfulness
Humaneness
Internationalism
Piety
Monotheism
I. Israel
Migrations of the Semitic Peoples
Palestine
The Conception of God in Ancient Israel
Trade and Philosophy
Trade and Nationality
Canaan, Road of the Nations
Class Struggles in Israel
The Decline of Israel
The First Destruction of Jerusalem
II. The Jews After the Exile
The Exile
The Jewish Diaspora
The Jewish Propaganda
Anti-Semitism
Jerusalem
The Sadducees
The Pharisees
The Zealots
The Essenes
I. The Primitive Christian Community
The Proletarian Character of the Community
Class Hatred
Communism
Objections to the Existence of Communism
Contempt for Labor
Destruction of the Family
II. The Christian Idea of the Messiah
The Coming of the Kingdom of God
The Lineage of Jesus
Jesus as a Rebel
The Resurrection of the Crucified
The International Savior
III. Jewish Christians and Gentile Christians
Agitation among the Pagans
The Opposition between Jews and Christians
IV. The History of Christ’s Passion
V. The Development of the Christian Community
Proletarians and Slaves
The Decline of Communism
Apostles, Prophets and Teachers
Bishop
Monasticism
Author’s Foreword | Top of page
Last updated on 28 January 2021