Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 1914, July (Vol. LXXVII, Part VIII) (pp. 777–807).
Edgar Crammond, “The Economic Relations of the British and German Empires”.
Together the two empires account for 39 per cent of international trade (1911: 26.9 per cent Great Britain ++ 12.5 per cent Germany) and 53 per cent of the world’s mercantile shipping.
| Germany | Great Britain | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 1872 | 41.23 (million) | 31.87 (million) |
| 1888 | 48.17 ” | 36.88 ” | |
| 1910 | 64.92 ” (1911) | 45.22 ” | |
| ++(1872–1910) | +23.69 | +13.34 | |
| Births per 1,000 | 29.5 (1911) | 24.4 | |
| Deaths ” ” | 18.2 | 14.8 | |
| Urban population | 57.4% (1905) | 71.3% (1901) | |
| Value of mineral production (1911) |
£102,000,000 | 124,500,000 | |
| United States | Germany | Great Britain | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (million tons) | ||||
| Coal output | {{ 1911 | 450.2 | 234.5 | 276.2 |
| {{ 1886 | 103.1 | 73.7 | 160.0 | |
| +347.1 | ++160.8 | ++116.2 | ||
| +336.6% | ++218.1% | +72.6% | ||
| Ditto, crude steel |
{{ 1910 | 26.5 | 13.7 | 6.1 |
| {{ 1886 | 2.6 | 0.9 | 2.4 | |
| +23.9 | 12.7 | 3.7 | ||
| +910.3% | ++1,335 % | ++154.3% | ||
| Germany | Great Britain | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| (million) | |||
| Export of cotton goods |
{{ 1887: | £10.0 | 72.0 |
| {{ 1912: | £24.3 | 122.2 | |
| Bank deposits: | £468.0 | 1,053.0 | |
| (1912–13) savings banks | 839.0 | 221.1 | |
| (My) Σ= | 1,307.0 | 1,274.0 | |
| Net tonnage of shipping |
1880: | 1.2 million | 6.6 million |
| 1911: | 3.0 ” | 11.7 ” | |
| ++1.8 | ++5.1 | ||
| ++156 % | ++77.7% | ||
| Total tonnage of vessels entered and cleared on foreign trade |
1880: | 13.0 mill. tons (of which 39.1% German vessels) |
49.7 (of which 72.2% British vessels) |
| 1911: | 49.5 (50.4% German vessels) ++ |
138.9 (59% British vessels) – |
|
| Shipbuilding: | Germany | Great Britain | |
|---|---|---|---|
| annual output | 1898–1904: | 240,800 tons | 898,000 |
| 1913: | 618,800 | 2,203,000 | |
| Tonnage of vessels | 1892: | 809,000 tons | 8,102,000 |
| that passed the Suez Canal |
1912: | 4,241,000 | 17,611,000 |
| Percentage of all vessels that passed the Suez Canal |
{{ 1892: | 7.4% | 74.5% |
| {{ 1912: | 15.1% | 62.9% | |
| Gross income of railways |
1888: | £58.4 million | 72.9 |
| 1910: | £149.5 ” | 127.2 | |
| ++156% | ++74.3% | ||
| Foreign trade | 1888: | £323.6 million | 558.1 |
| (exports + imports) | 1912: | £982.6 | 1,120.1 |
| ++ 204% | ++100.7% | ||
| ++£659.0 million | ++£562.0 million | ||
| Expenditure on army and navy (1912) |
£70.0 million | 102.4 | |
| National wealth: | £15,000 ” | 25,000 (*) | |
| National income
(Helfferich, for Germany) |
£2,000 ” | 3,400 | |
| Capital investment abroad | £1,000 ” | 3,800 | |
| ==6.6% (of nation- al wealth) |
(==23%) | ||
| Income from capital invested abroad (1912) |
£50.0 million | 185.0 | |
| Income from shipping | £30.0 ” | 100.0 | |
| National income
(Germany, according to Helfferich) |
{{ 1896: | £1,075 ” | 1,430 |
| {{ 1912: | £2,000 ” | 2,140 | |
| Annual increase of
national wealth (last 18 years for Germany) (and last 28 years for Great Britain) |
==£272.0 ” | £230.0 million | |
| figures for the last five years are approximately the
same. |
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(*) For the whole Empire.
For Great Britain alone, without Colonies == 16,500. |
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