MIA: History: USA: Publications: The Liberator & The Workers Monthly

The Liberator
Workers Monthly


First Published: 1918 - 1924
Source: Original copies of The Liberator and the The Workers Monthly
Transcription/Markup: Brian Baggins 2006. Main page redone by Tim Davenport and David Walters in 2009
Proofread: (awaiting a volunteer)
Public Domain: USA History Archive 2006. This work is completely free. This work is in the Public Domain under the Creative Commons Common Deed. You can freely copy, distribute and display this work; as well as make derivative and commercial works. Please credit the Marxists Interent Archive as your source, include the url to this work, and note any of the transcribers, editors & proofreaders above.


The Liberator, arguably the greatest radical magazine ever produced in America, began in the spring of 1918 as a successor to the New York left wing political, artistic, and literary magazine The Masses, which had been effectively terminated by postal censorship and Justice Department prosecution during World War I. Masses editor Max Eastman and his sister Crystal, a fine journalist and leading feminist of the day, determined to carry forward the Masses project in new clothes. The pair hoped to escape the political controversy which had handicapped and sunk its predecessor by launching a revised, smaller-format magazine with a new name.

The change of name did not mean a change of political orientation, however. As with The Masses, The Liberator continued to support various tendencies of the socialist movement, gradualist to revolutionary. The publication supported the labor movement in all its forms, remaining partial to the syndicalist Industrial Workers of the World, but still providing coverage to all radical elements in the labor movement, including those guiding independent unions such as the Amalgamated Garment Workers and those working to radicalize the American Federation of Labor.

The Liberator’s international news coverage was first-rate. Legendary war correspondent and Communist Labor Party founder John Reed reported the ongoing situation in Soviet Russia; major reports were filed from across tumultuous post-war Europe by Robert Minor, Hiram K. Moderwell, Frederick Kuh, and Crystal Eastman. Pivotal conventions of political parties and labor unions were covered in depth by intelligent participants. The great political trials of the day were reported in detail with perception. Speeches and articles by the great revolutionary leaders of the world found space on its pages. Nearly a century after the fact, The Liberator remains an essential primary source for the political history of its era.

As with The Masses, The Liberator relied heavily upon political art, including contributions from some of the finest talents of the day. Among the artistic worthies who graced the publication’s pages were Art Young, Robert Minor, Lydia Gibson, Boardman Robinson, William Gropper, Maurice Becker, J.J. Lankes, and Fred Ellis. Each color cardstock cover of The Liberator was unique and distinctive, a miniature work of art, again echoing its illustrious predecessor. Poetry and fiction fleshed out its pages, including work by Carl Sandburg, Claude McKay, Arturo Giovannitti, and others. The magazine was, in short, a monthly intellectual banquet for the American radical intelligentsia, available on newsstands for just two thin dimes.

Maintaining a low cost of the elaborate publication for its readers came at a huge price, however. To economize, ultra-thin newsprint was used for the magazine’s pages — cheap and terrible, high in acid content. The result was predictable, a publication as fragile and ephemeral as a spring wildflower. Nine decades after the fact, the few surviving copies of The Liberator, (particularly from the years 1918-1922) are inevitably browning and brittle, whisked by worried librarians from the general stacks of research libraries into the far less accessible special collections departments. Thus a great irony: the most important of American radical magazines of the early 1920s, The Liberator, is at the same time among the least readily available.

The Liberator ran into trouble in 1922 — both financial and motivational, as editor Max Eastman’s interests shifted from the mundane work of editing to book writing. Eastman ceded his editorial blue pencil around the first of January 1922, with literary critic Floyd Dell taking over the job.Throughout 1922 political matters were somewhat deemphasized in favor of art and culture under Dell’s watch. When finances became tight that year, the underground Communist Party of America moved to fill the void, working with Eastman, Dell, and the core of writers behind the magazine towards a friendly takeover of the publication effective in October of that same year. After the fall of 1922, The Liberator emerged as the de facto official organ of the CPA and its “Legal Political Party” sibling, the Workers Party of America — maintaining a similar graphic style and orientation toward fiction, albeit with a noticeable ideological narrowing of political content. Long articles began to be published by prominent Communist leaders, including C.E. Ruthenberg, John Pepper, William Z. Foster, Jay Lovestone, and Max Bedacht. Former anarchist turned Communist true believer Robert Minor served as editor during this period, assisted by Joseph Freeman as an associate editor in charge of literary material.

In 1924 The Liberator was merged with the Workers Party’s “Trade Union Educational League” magazine, The Labor Herald, and its “Friends of Soviet Russia” monthly, Soviet Russia Pictorial, to form a new publication. This new magazine, The Workers Monthly, was fundamentally similar to the 1923-24 vintage Liberator and continued as the Workers Party’s de facto theoretical journal until 1927, at which time it was given a new form and title as, The Communist. This magazine continues today, known since 1946 as Political Affairs.

Simultaneously, a new large format artistic-political monthly reminiscent of the original Masses (known as, appropriately enough, The New Masses) was launched by the Communist Party in May 1926. This publication carried The Liberator’s torch forward for another decade before gradually morphing into a plain paper newsweekly akin to The Nation or The New Republic. The New Masses was merged with the party general interest monthly Mainstream in January of 1948 to form Masses and Mainstream, a publication vaguely similar in format to Reader’s Digest, albeit with Communist political content.

The MIA Liberator/Workers Monthly Project

In an attempt to make this valuable resource available on the net, Marxists Internet Archive has embarked on a project to obtain and digitize the entire run of The Liberator. Issues were collected by MIA volunteers Tim Davenport and Mitch Abidor over a period of several years. Issues were painstakingly cut and sleeved in archival sheet preservers to prevent further chipping and tearing of the paper and to make them ready for scanning.

The first round of scanning and conversion to pdf format took place in 2006 and was performed by MIA volunteer Brian Baggins. Brian also worked at converting materials to html format, generating files which provided the raw material used to generate many of the revised files here.

After a hiatus of about two years, The Liberator project again began to move forward in 2009, starting with work on a new index by Davenport and David Walters. Additional scanning and conversion to html format of selected articles is expected to take place in 2009.

There are currently 11 issues of The Liberator run which remain to be acquired, all of which are noted in the index. If you happen to hold one or more of these issues and would be willing to loan them or sell them for use in this project, please get in touch: MutantPop@aol.com

Researchers needing immediate access to issues not available here are advised that a run of the publication exists on microfilm, available through the New York Public Library.

Tim Davenport
Corvallis, Oregon
March 2009


The Liberator

1918 - 1924

 

1918

Issue No. 1, March (PDF):

 

Issue No. 2,April (PDF):

 

Issue No. 3, May (PDF):

 

Issue No. 4, June: (PDF)

 

Issue No. 5, July (PDF):

 

Issue No. 6, August (PDF) ** NO ISSUE ON HAND **:

 

Issue No. 7, September (PDF):

 

Issue No. 8, October (PDF):

 

Issue No. 9, November: (PDF)

 

Issue No. 10, December (PDF):

 

1918 Liberator Pamphlets:

 

1919

 

Issue No. 11, January (PDF)

 

Issue No. 12, February (PDF):

 

Issue No. 13, March (PDF) :

 

Issue No. 14, April

 

Issue No. 16, June (PDF):

 

Issue No. 17, July: IWW Convention (PDF)

 

Issue No. 18, August ** NO ISSUE ON HAND **

 

Issue No. 19, September: Revolutionary Action in England (PDF):

 

Issue No. 20, October (PDF):

 

Issue No. 20, November: ** THERE WAS NO ISSUE FOR NOVEMBER 1919 **

 

Issue No. 21, December: ** NO ISSUE ON HAND **

 

1919 Liberator Pamphlet:

 

1920

 

Issue 22: January 1920 ** NO ISSUE AVAILABLE, MICROFILM IMAGE DAMAGED — please contact us if you have a copy! **

 

Issue 23: February 1920. (not scanned yet)

 

Issue 24: March 1920. (not scanned yet)

 

Issue No. 25, April: A Yankee Convention (PDF)

 

Issue 26: May 1920 (not scanned yet)

 

Issue 27: June 1920 (not scanned yet)

 

Issue 28: July 1920 (not scanned yet)

 

Issue 29: August 1920 (not scanned yet)

 

Issue 30: September 1930 (not scanned yet)

 

Issue 31: October 1920 (not scanned yet)

 

Issue 32: November 1920 (not scanned yet)

 

Issue 33: December 1920 (not scanned yet)

 

1921

 

Issue 34: January 1921 (not scanned yet)

 

Issue 35: February 1921 (not scanned yet)

 

Issue 36: March 1921 (not scanned yet)

 

Issue 37: April 1921 (not scanned yet)

 

Issue 38: May 1921 (not scanned yet)

 

Issue 39: June 1921 (not scanned yet)

 

Issue 40: July 1921 (not scanned yet)

 

Issue 41: August 1921 (not scanned yet)

 

Issue 42: September 1921 (not scanned yet)

 

Issue 43: October 1921 (not scanned yet)

 

Issue 44: November 1921 (not scanned yet)

 

Issue 45: December 1921 (not scanned yet)

 

1922

 

Issue 46: January 1922 (not scanned yet — NYPL MICROFILM COPY BADLY DAMAGED)

Note: First issue with editorials not written by Max Eastman; Eastman off masthead. Next group of issues seem to have been edited by Mike Gold and skew heavily literary.

 

Issue 47: February 1922 (not scanned yet — NYPL MICROFILM COPY BADLY DAMAGED)

 

Issue 48: March 1922 (not scanned yet — NYPL MICROFILM COPY BADLY DAMAGED)

 

Issue 49: April 1922 (not scanned yet — NYPL MICROFILM COPY BADLY DAMAGED)

 

Issue 50: May 1922 (not scanned yet)

 

Issue 51: June 1922 (not scanned yet)

 

Issue 52: July 1922 (not scanned yet)

 

Issue 53: August 1922 (not scanned yet — NYPL MICROFILM COPY BADLY DAMAGED)

 

Issue 54: September: Engaged (PDF) 1922 (not scanned yet — NYPL MICROFILM COPY BADLY DAMAGED) Last issue with extremely heavy literary (as opposed to political) content.

 

Issue 55: October 1922 (not scanned yet — NYPL MICROFILM COPY BADLY DAMAGED) Last Issue Listing Floyd Dell as “Executive Editor” on masthead.

 

Issue 56: Nov.-Dec. 1922 (not scanned yet — NYPL MICROFILM COPY BADLY DAMAGED) Lists Robert Minor and Joseph Freeman as “Executive Editors” on masthead. Clear CP content.

 

1923

Issue 57: January 1923: The Skirmish in Cleveland (PDF)

 

Issue 58: February 1923 (not scanned yet)

 

Issue 59: March 1923 (not scanned yet)

 

Issue 60: April 1923 (not scanned yet)

 

Issue 61: May 1923 (not scanned yet)

 

Issue 62: June 1923 (not scanned yet)

 

Issue 63: July 1923 (not scanned yet)

 

Issue 64: August 1923 (not scanned yet)

September 1923: The Third American Revolution (PDF)

 

Issue 66: October 1923 (not scanned yet)

 

Issue 67: November 1923 ** NO ISSUE ON HAND — please contact us if you have a copy! **

 

Issue 68: December 1923 ** NO ISSUE ON HAND — please contact us if you have a copy! **

 

1924

Issue 69: January 1923 (not scanned yet)

Issue 70: February 1923 (not scanned yet)

Issue 71: March 1924 (not scanned yet)

Issue 72: April 1924 (not scanned yet)

Issue 73: May 1924 (not scanned yet) Note: misnumbered as No. 74 in print.

Issue 74: June 1924 (not scanned yet)

Issue 75: July 1924 (not scanned yet)

Issue 76: August 1924 (not scanned yet)

Issue 77: September 1924 ** NO ISSUE ON HAND — please contact us if you have a copy! **

Issue 78: October 1924 (not scanned yet)

 


 

The Workers Monthly

1924 – 1927

 

1924

 

Issue 1: November 1924 (v. 4 no. 1)

 

Issue 2: December 1924 (v. 4 no. 2)

 

1925

 

Issue 3: January 1925 (v. 4, no. 3)

 

Issue 4: February 1925 (v. 4, no. 4)

 

Issue 5: March 1925 (v. 4, no. 5)

 

Issue 6: April 1925 (v. 4, no. 6)

 

Issue 7: May 1925 (v. 4, no. 7)

 

Issue 8: June 1925 (v. 4, no. 8)

 

Issue 9: July 1925 (v. 4, no. 9)

 

Issue 10: August 1925 (v. 4, no. 10)

 

Issue 11: September 1925 (v. 4, no. 11)

 

Issue 12: October 1925 (v. 4, no. 12)

 

Issue 13: November 1924 (v. 5, no. 1)

 

Issue 14: December 1925 (v. 5, no. 2)

 

1926

 

Issue 15: January 1926 (v. 5, no. 3)

 

Issue 16: February 1926 (v. 5, no. 4)

 

Issue 17: March 1926 (v. 5, no. 5)

 

Issue 18: April 1926 (v. 5, no. 6)

 

Issue 19: May 1926 (v. 5, no. 7)

 

Issue 20: June 1926 (v. 5, no. 8)

 

Issue 21: July 1926 (v. 5, no. 9)

 

Issue 22: August 1926 (v. 5, no. 10)

 

Issue 23: September 1926 (v. 5, no. 11)

 

Issue 24: October 1926 (v. 5, no. 12)

 

Issue 25: November 1926 (v. 5, no. 13)

 

Issue 26: December 1926 (v. 5, no. 14)

 

1927

 

Issue 27: January 1927 (v. 5, no. 15)

 

Issue 28: February 1927 (v. 5, no. 16)