中文马克思主义文库 ->
安瓦尔·谢克 ->
资本主义：竞争、冲突、危机
本书中常规字体表示名义变量, “R”或“r” 被附加在后面表示实际变量,
粗体表示向量. 由此, 名义产出记为 Y, 实际产出记为 YR, 产出向量记为 \(\mathbf{Y}\). 均衡值用*表示, 即 \(\mathrm{Y}^{*}\), LR表示长期值. 包含 \(\Delta\) 的常用符号表示变化, \(\Sigma\) 表示求和.
以下变量用斜体拉丁字母: 新古典的效用 \(( u
)\), 卡莱茨基的垄断权力参数 \(( m , n ,
m b a r )\), 以及马克思对 \(( S, V,
C)\) 的分类.
变量上方加点表示时间变化率 \(\left(
\dot{\mathrm{x}} \equiv \displaystyle \frac{d\mathrm{y}}{d\mathrm{t}}
\right)\), 变量上方加(∧)表示变化的百分比 \(\left( { \hat { \mathrm { x } } } \equiv
\displaystyle{ \frac { \dot { \mathrm { x } } } { \mathrm { x } } }
\right)\), 变量上方加横表示“平均”(\(\overline { { \mathrm { x } } }\)). \(f\) 和 \(F\) 通常代表函数 \({ \big [ } f (\mathrm { x } )\) 或 \(F( \mathrm { x }) { \big]}\).
\(\alpha, \beta, \gamma, \psi\)
有两种用法: 一是表示通用参数(如附录6.5、附录6.7中),
二是一些另有规定的特定参数. 除特别规定以外, 符号 \(\varepsilon,\eta\)
均表示随机项(如附录6.6以及第12章中). \(\omega\) 用于表示一般权重.
除特别规定以外,
x,y,t分别表示x轴、y轴和时间轴(见第14章)或通用变量(见附录13.1).
| 含义 |
最终符号 |
| unit input cost 单位投入品成本 |
\(\mathbf{a}\) |
| technical change shift parameter
技术变革转换参数 |
\(\mathbb{A}\) |
| 含义 |
最终符号 |
| total intermediate input flow or matrix
总中间投入品流/矩阵 |
A, \(\mathbf{A}\) |
| intermediate inputs coefficient or matrix
中间投人品系数/矩阵 |
a, \(\mathbf{a}\) |
| constant materials coefficient
不变原料系数 |
\(\overline{a}\) |
| average cost 平均成本 |
ac |
| average fixed cost 平均固定成本 |
afc |
| material input per hour
每小时原料投入 |
\(a_h\) |
| intermediate input cost of finished goods
产成品的中间投人品成本 |
\(A_p\) |
| average variable cost (unit prime costs,
materials, and labor)平均可变成本(单位直接成本、原料、劳动力) |
avc |
| intermediate input costs, work-in-progress
中间投入品成本, 在产品 |
\(\mathrm{A_{WIP}}\) |
| \(\mathbb{b} =
(\mathbf{a} + \mathbf{d} \cdot \boldsymbol{\kappa} + \boldsymbol{\omega}
\cdot \mathbf{l})=\) matrix of total input coefficients including
depreciation 包含折旧的总投入品系数矩阵 |
\(\mathbb{b}\) |
| total input coefficient(abstracting from
depreciation)总投入品系数(抽象掉折旧) |
b |
| the matrix of material and wage good
inputs 原料和工资品的投入品矩阵 |
\(\mathbf{B}\) |
| consumption 消费 |
C |
| Marxian indirect labor time, dead labor
马克思的间接劳动时间, 死劳动 |
\(C\) |
| consumption vector 消费向量 |
\(\mathbf{C}\) |
| propensity to consume 消费倾向 |
c |
| matrix of consumption goods required
directly and indirectly per hour of labor-time
每小时劳动时间直接和间接所需的消费品矩阵 |
\(\mathbb{c}\) |
| cash 现金 |
\(\mathscr{C}\) |
| current account balance 经常账户余额 |
CA |
| autonomous consumption 自主消费 |
\(\mathrm{C_a}\) |
| sum of capitalist consumption
资本家消费总和 |
\(\mathrm{C_C}\) |
| capital consumption adjustment
资本消耗调整 |
CCAdj |
| consumption demand 消费需求 |
\(\mathrm{C_D}\) |
| consumption of fixed capital
固定资本消耗 |
CFC |
| 含义 |
最终符号 |
| maximum current consumption
现行消费的最大值 |
\(\mathrm{C_{max}}\) |
| corn 谷物 |
cn |
| coupon payment, periodic payment 定期支付,
息票支付 |
cp |
| consumer price index 消费者价格指数 |
CPI |
| concentration ratio 集中度系数 |
CR |
| total domestic credit 国内信贷总额 |
\(\mathscr{C}\mathscr{R}\) |
| bank credit 银行信贷 |
\(\mathscr{C}\mathscr{R}_{B}\) |
| total domestic credit 国内信贷总值 |
\(\mathscr{C}\mathscr{R}_{\mathrm{dom}}\) |
| coefficient of variation 变化系数 |
CV |
| current consumption of workers
劳动者当期消费 |
\(\mathrm{C_w}\) |
| total depreciation 总折旧 |
\(\mathscr{D}\) |
| unit fixed costs(depreciation per unit
output) 单位固定成本（单位产出折旧） |
\(d\) |
| matrix of depreciation (retirement)
coefficients per unit output 单位产出折旧系数矩阵 |
\(\boldsymbol{d}\) |
| depreciation rate = depreciation/capital
折旧率=折旧/资本 |
\(\mathfrak{d}\) |
| matrix of depreciation coefficients
折旧系数矩阵 |
\(\boldsymbol{\mathfrak{d}}\) |
| demand, domestic demand 需求,
国内需求 |
D |
| relative demand = D/Y 相对需求 |
d |
| direct prices (prices proportional to
integrated unit labor costs)
直接价格(价格与整合的单位劳动力成本成正比) |
\(\mathbb{d}\) |
| penny 便士 |
d. |
| autonomous (exogenous) government and
export demand(\(\mathrm{G_t}+\mathrm{X_t}\))
自主(外生)的政府及出口需求 |
\(\mathrm{D_{At}}\) |
| business debt 工商业债务 |
DB |
| domestic claims 国内索款 |
DC |
| expected demand 预期需求 |
\(\mathrm{D^{e}}\) |
| deposit/loan ratio:\(\mathscr{DP}/\mathscr{LN}\)
存款-贷款比 |
\(d_\mathscr{l}\) |
| 含义 |
最终符号 |
| dummy variables 哑变量 |
DM |
| deposits per unit output 单位产出存款 |
\(d_\mathscr{p}\) |
| deposits 存款 |
\(\mathscr{DP}\) |
| individual real depreciation
个体实际折旧 |
\(\mathscr{DR}\) |
| dividend per share 每股股息 |
dv |
| total dividends 股息总额 |
DV |
| dividend per share expected
预期每股股息 |
\(\mathrm{dv^{e}}\) |
| Whelan-Liu approximate depreciation rate
刘氏近似折旧率 |
\(\mathfrak{d}_{WL}\) |
| exchange rate 汇率 |
\(\mathrm{e}\) |
| elasticity 弹性 |
\(\class{math-script-font}{\text{ℯ}}\) |
| rate change of the nominal exchange rate
名义汇率变动率 |
\(\mathrm{\hat{e}}\) |
| earnings before interest and taxes
税息前收入 |
EBIT |
| employee compensation, per full-time
equivalent employee (FEE) 全职等效雇员的雇员所得 |
ec |
| total employee compensation
总雇员所得 |
EC |
| excess demand 超额需求 |
ED |
| relative excess demand E/Y=(D-Y)/Y
相对超额需求 |
ed |
| relative excess demand for labor =\(\mathrm{(V-U)/L_s}\)
对劳动力的相对超额需求 |
\(\mathrm{e_{DL}}\) |
| money value of equities 股票货币价值 |
EQ |
| equity earnings-price ratio
股权收益-股票价格比 |
eps |
| real exchange rate 实际汇率 |
er |
| exports 出口 |
EX |
| coefficient of“friction in the labor
market” “劳动力市场摩擦”系数 |
\(\mathscr{f}\) |
| the rate of change of a function
函数变化率 |
\(\hat{f}\) |
| financial assets 金融资产 |
FA |
| face value of a bond 债券面值 |
FB |
| 含义 |
最终符号 |
| full-time equivalent employees (number of
employees) 全职等效雇员(雇员人数) |
FEE |
| finance gap 金融缺口 |
FG |
| final Sales 最终销售 |
FS |
| growth rate 增长率 |
g |
| government spending 政府支出 |
G |
| Gini coefficient 基尼系数 |
\(\mathscr{G}\) |
| domestic product 国内生产总值 gross |
GDP |
| gross final product 总最终产品 |
GFP |
| rate of accumulation rate of growth of
capital \(\equiv\) I/K
积累率=资本增长率 |
\(\mathrm{g_K}\) |
| warranted rate of accumulation
有保证的积累率 |
\(\mathrm{g_{K}^{W}}\) |
| “natural” rate of growth (Harrod) 哈罗德
“自然” 增长率 |
\(\mathrm{g_N}\) |
| gross national product 国民生产总值 |
GNP |
| gross operating surplus 总营业盈余 |
GOS |
| growth rate of the investment price index
投资价格指数增长率 |
\(\mathrm{g_{P_I}}\) |
| gross surplus product 总剩余产品 |
GSP |
| gross surplus value 总剩余价值 |
GSV |
| gross value added 总价值增加值 |
GVA |
| rate of growth of output 产出增长率 |
\(\mathrm{g_Y}\) |
| rate of growth of capacity 产能增长率 |
\(\mathrm{g_{Y_n}}\) |
| hours per worker(length of working day
adjusted for intensity) 人均工作小时数 (强度调整后的日工作时长) |
h |
| high-powered money 高能货币 |
\(\mathbb{H}\) |
| necessary length of the working day (such
that the surplus product is zero)
必要的日工作时长(使得剩余产品为零) |
\(\mathrm{h_0}\) |
| households 家庭 |
HH |
| hour 小时 |
hr |
| 含义 |
最终符号 |
| cumulative machine hours
累积机器运行时间 |
\(\mathrm{H_{MK}}\) |
| surplus labor time =\(\mathrm{h-h_0}\) 剩余劳动时间 |
\(\mathrm{h_s}\) |
| interest rate 利率 |
i |
| identity matrix 单位矩阵 |
\(\mathbf{I}\) |
| investment 投资 |
I |
| intensities of labor 劳动强度 |
\(\class{math-script-font}{\text{𝒾}}\) |
| interest rate on regular or long bond
定期长期债券利率 |
\(\mathrm{i_b},\mathrm{i_{b_L}}\) |
| investment, circulating 投资, 流动 |
\(\mathrm{I_C}\) |
| investment demand 投资需求 |
\(\mathrm{I_D}\) |
| investment, fixed 投资, 固定 |
\(\mathrm{I_f}\) |
| gross investment 总投资 |
IG |
| constant-price equivalent of gross
investment 总投资的不变价格等价量 |
IGR |
| imports 进口 |
IM |
| average import propensity= IM/Y
平均进口倾向 |
im |
| net investment 净投资 |
IN |
| real net investment 实际净投资 |
INR |
| interest equivalent of capital tied up =
iK 被占用资本的利息等价物=iK |
INT |
| inventory stock 存货 |
INV |
| real interest rate 实际利率 |
ir |
| iron 铁 |
ir |
| inventory valuation adjustment
存货估值调整 |
IVA |
| arbitrary vector 任意向量 |
\(\mathbf{j}\) |
| capital-labor ratio 资本-劳动比 |
k |
| capital stock 资本存量 |
K |
| capital coefficients matrix
资本系数矩阵 |
\(\mathbf{K}\) |
| new capital 新资本 |
\(\mathrm{K'}\) |
| money value of capital 资本的货币价值 |
K(r) |
| 含义 |
最终符号 |
| given level of capital stock
给定资本存量水平 |
\(\mathrm{\bar{K}}\) |
| bank fixed capital 银行固定资本 |
\(\mathrm{K_f}\) |
| current-price gross stock 现价总存量 |
KG |
| real gross capital stock
实际总资本存量 |
KGR |
| net fixed capital, current-cost
净固定资本、 现行成本 |
KNC |
| total capital stock (fixed
capital+inventories)=KGC+INV 总资本存量=固定资本+存货 |
KTC |
| real capital-labor ratio
实际资本-劳动比 |
kr |
| real capital stock 实际资本存量 |
KR |
| real capital in terms of cpi =\(\mathrm{K_r/p_c}\)
按消费者价格指数计算的实际资本 |
\(\mathrm{KR'}\) |
| matrix of integrated capital coefficients=
\(\mathbf{K} \cdot
(\mathbf{I}-\mathbf{A})^{-1}\) 整合资本系数矩阵 |
\(\mathbf{KT}\) |
| total labor time, total
employment(hours)总劳动时间, 总雇佣劳动 |
L |
| labor coefficients vector
劳动系数向量 |
\(\mathbf{l}\) |
| labor coefficient = L/X = direct (total)
labor time per unit output 劳动系数=单位产出的直接(总)劳动时间 |
l |
| loans per unit output 每单位产出贷款 |
\(\mathscr{l}\) |
| vector of loans per unit output
每单位产出贷款向量 |
\(\boldsymbol{\mathscr{l}}\) |
| employment coefficient(N/X) 就业系数 |
\(\mathrm{l'}\) |
| aggregate liabilities(debt) 总负债 |
LB |
| labor demand 劳动需求 |
\(\mathrm{L_d}\) |
| labor force 劳动力 |
LF |
| stock of loans 贷款存量 |
\(\mathscr{LN}\) |
| employment corresponding to capacity
output 与产能产出相对应的就业 |
\(\mathrm{L_n}\) |
| labor supply 劳动供给 |
\(\mathrm{L_s}\) |
| money stock, money supply, money demand
货币存量、 货币供给、 需求 |
\(\mathscr{M}\) |
| 含义 |
最终符号 |
| profit per unit output (P/X)=unit profit=
profit margin on output 单位产出利润量=单位利润=产出的利润量 |
m |
| monopoly power parameter in Kalecki’s
notation 卡莱茨基符号中的垄断权力参数1 |
\(m\) |
| mark up on costs m/uc unit profit/unit
costs 成本加成=m/uc 单位利润/单位成本 |
\(\class{math-wide-m}{\text{𝓂}}\) |
| Kalecki’s monopoly markup= m/(1-n)
卡莱茨基垄断加成 |
\(\mathbb{m}\) |
| profit margin on price unit profit/unit
price m/p 单位价格利润量=单位利润/单位价格 |
\(\mathrm{m'}\) |
| Lerner index=(p-mc)/p (measure of monopoly
power) 勒纳指数=(垄断权力的量度) |
\(\mathrm{m"}\) |
| competitive markup on costs
竞争性成本加成 |
\(\class{math-wide-m}{\text{𝓂}}^*\) |
| marginal cost 边际成本 |
mc |
| maximum expanded reproduction
最大扩大再生产 |
MER |
| gold equivalent of money stock=\(\mathrm{M/p_G}\) 货币存量的黄金等价值 |
\(\mathscr{M}_G\) |
| machine coefficient 机器系数 |
mk |
| machine 机器 |
MK |
| machine-hours per worker-hour(\(\mathrm{H_{MK}/H}\))
单位工作小时的机器运行小时数 |
mkh |
| machines per worker hour (MK/H)
单位工作小时的机器数 |
\(\mathrm{mkh'}\) |
| machines per worker (MK/N)
单位工人机器数 |
mkn |
| profits per worker 单位工人利润 |
ml |
| real profit per worker
单位工人实际利润 |
mlr |
| marginal product of labor
劳动的边际产品 |
mpl |
| marginal revenue 边际收益 |
mr |
| number of workers 工人数量 |
N |
| monopoly power parameter 2 in Kalecki’s
notation 卡莱茨基符号中的垄断权力参数2 |
\(n\) |
| number of equities 股票数量 |
\(\mathrm{N_{eq}}\) |
| 含义 |
最终符号 |
| new shares outstanding 新发行股票 |
\(\mathrm{N'_{eq}}\) |
| net interest 净利息 |
NINT |
| national income and product accounts
国民收人和生产账户 |
NIPA |
| net operating surplus and mixed income
净营业盈余与混合收益 |
NOPS |
| Net Operating Surplus 净营业盈余 |
NOS |
| population size 人口规模 |
NP |
| nonprofit institutions serving households
服务家庭的非营利性机构 |
NPISH |
| owner -occupied housing sector
所有人自住的房屋部门 |
OOH |
| total profit 总利润 |
P |
| bank profit 银行利润 |
\(\mathrm{P_{B}}\) |
| price vector 价格向量 |
\(\mathbf{p}\) |
| unit price, price level, average price,
price index, except where necessary to explicitly distinguish price
index (\(\mathrm{p'}\))from price
level(p) 单位价格、价格水平、平均价格、价格指数,
除了有必要明确将价格指数和价格水平区分开的时候 |
p |
| profits of new capital 新资本利润 |
\(\mathrm{P'}\) |
| price index or price of commodities
relative to gold (depending on context) 用黄金表示的商品价格指数或价格
(根据上下文) |
\(\mathrm{p'}\) |
| relative inflation rate
相对通货膨胀率 |
\(\mathrm{\hat{p}}\) |
| base-period prices 基期价格 |
\(\mathrm{p_0}\) |
| price of materials 原料价格 |
\(\mathrm{p_a}\) |
| price of bond 债券价格 |
\(\mathrm{p_b}\) |
| average price 平均价格 |
\(\mathrm{\bar{p}}\) |
| price of consumption goods, the price
index of consumption goods 消费品价格、消费品价格指数 |
\(\mathrm{p_c}\) |
| price of corn 谷物价格 |
\(\mathrm{p_{cn}}\) |
| direct price 直接价格 |
pd |
| expected market price 预期市场价格 |
\(\mathrm{p^{e}}\) |
| 含义 |
最终符号 |
| price-earnings ratio 价格-收益比,
市盈率 |
pe |
| profit of enterprise=P-iK 企业利润 |
PE |
| equity price 股票价格 |
\(\mathrm{p_{eq}}\) |
| warranted equity price
有保证的股票价格 |
\(\mathrm{p_{eq}^{W}}\) |
| Foreign price level 国外价格水平 |
\(\mathrm{p_f}\) |
| Price of financial assets
金融资产价格 |
\(\mathrm{p_{fa}}\) |
| gross 总利润 profit |
PG |
| monetary price of gold 黄金的货币价格 |
\(\mathrm{p_{G}}\) |
| the GDP deflator GDP平减指数 |
\(\mathrm{p_{GDP}}\) |
| current profit on recent investment
近期投资的现行利润 |
\(\mathrm{P_{I}}\) |
| current profit on all earlier vintages
之前所有相对使用年限的现行利润 |
\(\mathrm{P'_{I}}\) |
| price of investment goods(net new
machines) 投资品价格 (净新增机器) |
\(\mathrm{p_{I}}\) |
| perpetual inventory method 永续盘存法 |
PIM |
| price of iron 铁的价格 |
\(\mathrm{p_{ir}}\) |
| current price index of capital stock
资本存量的现行价格指数 |
\(\mathrm{p_K}\) |
| market price 市场价格 |
\(\mathrm{p_m}\) |
| quality-adjusted investment price index
质量调整后的投资价格指数 |
\(\mathrm{p'_{I}}\) |
| maximum amount of profit 最大利润 |
\(\mathrm{P_{max}}\) |
| price of machines 机器价格 |
\(\mathrm{p_{MK}}\) |
| normal profit 正常利润 |
\(\mathrm{P_{n}}\) |
| purchasing power 购买力 |
PP |
| relative new purchasing power
相对新增购买力 |
pp |
| producer price index 生产价格指数 |
PPI |
| purchasing parity hypothesis
购买力平价假说 |
PPP |
| real profit 实际利润 |
PR |
| real profit (relative to cpi) = \(\mathrm{P/p_c}\)
实际利润(相对于消费者价格指数) |
\(\mathrm{PR'}\) |
| proprietor ships and partnerships Income,
w/IVA and CCAdj 所有人与合伙人收入 |
PropInc |
| 含义 |
最终符号 |
| price of a bundle of tradable goods
一揽子可贸易商品的价格 |
\(\mathrm{p_{T}}\) |
| present value of a profit stream
利润流现值 |
PV |
| output price index 产出价格指数 |
\(\mathrm{p_{Y}}\) |
| index for aggregate profit
总利润的价格指数 price |
\(\mathrm{p_{\Omega}}\) |
| Tobin’s average Q 托宾平均Q值 |
Q |
| Tobin’s marginal Q 托宾边际Q值 |
\(\mathrm{Q'}\) |
| ratio of normalized prices to integrated
unit labor costs=\(\mathrm{(p'_i/vulc'_i)}\)
标准化价格与整合单位劳动力成本之比 |
\(\mathrm{q}\) |
| percentage deviation of normalized prices
from vertically integrated unit labor costs (vulc)
标准化价格对整合单位劳动力成本的偏差百分比 |
\(\mathrm{q'}\) |
| profit rate, rate of return 利润率、
收益率 |
r |
| Maximum profit rate, output/capital
ratio(Y/K) 最大利润率下的产出/资本比 |
R |
| rate of return on new investment
incremental rate of profit 新投资收益率=增量利润率 |
\(\mathrm{r_{I}}\) |
| Marxian rate of profit 马克思的利润率 |
\(r\) |
| equalized regulating rate of profit,
competitive profit rate 均等化的调节利润率、竞争利润率 |
\(\mathrm{r^*}\) |
| rate of return on a bond 债券收益率 |
\(\mathrm{r_{b}}\) |
| average profit rate 平均利润率 |
\(\mathrm{\bar{r}}\) |
| banking rate of profit 银行利润率 |
\(\mathrm{r_{B}}\) |
| reserve/deposit ratio 准备金-存款比 |
\(\mathscr{r}_d\) |
| profit rate of enterprise =(r-i)
企业利润率 |
re |
| expected profit rate 预期利润率 |
\(\mathrm{r^{e}}\) |
| retained earnings business savings
留存收益=工商业储蓄 |
RE |
| rate of return on an equity
资产(股票)收益率 |
\(\mathrm{r_{eq}}\) |
| retirement investment, nominal value of
retirements 退废投资, 退废品名义价值 |
RET |
| 含义 |
最终符号 |
| real GDP per capita 人均实际GDP |
RGDPpc |
| reserve to loan ratio =
(reserves/deposits)·(deposits/loans)准备金-贷款
比=(准备金-存款比)×(存款-贷款比) |
\(\mathscr{r}_d\)·\(d_\mathscr{l}\) |
| normal capacity output-capital ratio
正常产能产出-资本比 |
\(\mathrm{R_{n}}\) |
| normal capacity rate of profit
正常产能利润率 |
\(\mathrm{r_{n}}\) |
| rate of return on equity 净资产收益率 |
ROE |
| real incremental rates of profit
实际增量利润率 |
\(\mathrm{rr_1}\) |
| real net incremental rate of profit
实际净增量利润率 |
\(\mathrm{rr'_{1}}\) |
| reserves, bank reserves 准备金、
银行准备金 |
\(\mathscr{RS}\) |
| real unit labor costs \(\equiv\) ULC/CPI 实际单位劳动力成本 |
RULC |
| surplus value 剩余价值 |
\(S\) |
| average aggregate propensity to save
平均总储蓄倾向 |
s |
| savings, total 储蓄, 总量 |
S |
| sales 销售额 |
\(\mathscr{S}\) |
| profit deflated by monetary equivalent of
labor time 用劳动时间的货币等价物平减的利润 |
\(S'\) |
| shilling, UK currency 先令, 英国货币 |
s. |
| additional employment of constant
capital(Marxian) 不变资本的追加使用 |
\(S_{ac}\) |
| additional employment of variable
capital(Marxian) 可变资本的追加使用 |
\(S_{av}\) |
| business savings rate 工商业储蓄率 |
\(\mathrm{s_{B}}\) |
| business savings, total 工商业储蓄率,
总量 |
\(\mathrm{S_{B}}\) |
| savings of capitalists, total 资本家储蓄,
总量 |
\(\mathrm{S_{c}}\) |
| statistical discrepancy 统计差异 |
SD |
| number of proprietors and
partners(self-employed persons) 所有人和合伙 人人数 自我雇用者 |
SEP |
| household savings 居民储蓄 |
\(\mathrm{S_{H}}\) |
| 含义 |
最终符号 |
| household savings rate 居民储蓄率 |
\(\mathrm{s_{H}}\) |
| Surplus product 剩余产品 |
SP |
| propensity to save out of profit S/P
利润的储蓄倾向 |
\(\mathrm{s_{p}}\) |
| average propensity to save out of wages
工资的平均储蓄倾向 |
\(\mathrm{s_{W}}\) |
| savings rate out of total income
总收入的储蓄率 |
\(\mathrm{s_{Y}}\) |
| taxes net of subsidies, total private
sector taxes 扣除补贴后的净税收, 人部门税收总额 |
T |
| tax propensity, tax rate =T/Y, indirect
business tax rate 税收倾向, 税率, 间接企业税率 |
t |
| total cost 总成本 |
tc |
| total fixed cost 总固定成本 |
tfc |
| total price (total money value of gross
output =sum of industry total prices) 总价格
(总产出的总货币价值=各行业总价格之和) |
TP |
| total vertically integrated labor time
垂直整合总劳动时间 |
TV |
| total variable costs 总可变成本 |
tvc |
| utility 效用 |
\(U\) |
| capacity utilization rate output/capacity
产能利用率=产出/产能 |
u |
| unit costs = operating costs per unit
output 单位成本=单位产出运行成本 |
uc |
| nominal operating costs for deposits and
loans per unit loan 单位贷款的存款和贷款的名义运行成本 |
\(\mathrm{uc'}\) |
| unit costs in banking 银行单位成本 |
\(\mathrm{uc_{BK}}\) |
| real costs per deposits
单位存款实际成本 |
\(\mathrm{ucr^{D}}\) |
| real costs per loans 单位贷款实际成本 |
\(\mathrm{ucr^{L}}\) |
| cost margin in sales cost per unit sales
单位销售额成本 |
\(\mathrm{uc'}\) |
| capacity utilization rate \(\equiv \mathrm{Y/Y_n}\) 产能利用率 |
\(\mathrm{u_{K}}\) |
| capacity utilization rate relative to
engineering capacity =\(\mathrm{Y/Y_{max}}\)
相干于工程产能的产能利用率 |
\(\mathrm{u'_{K}}\) |
| normal capacity utilization rate=\(\mathrm{Y_n/Y_n}\)=1 正常产能利用率 |
\(\mathrm{u_{K_{n}}}\) |
| 含义 |
最终符号 |
| unemployed labor 失业劳动力 |
UL |
| cumulative effect of unemployment pressure
失业压力的累积效应 |
\(\mathrm{U_{L}}\) |
| unemployment rate=\(\mathrm{U/L_s}\) 失业率 |
\(\mathrm{u_{L}}\) |
| unit labor costs =W·l 单位劳动力成本 |
ulc |
| unit labor cost with wages paid per worker
以工资形式付给每个工人的单位劳动力成本 |
\(\mathrm{ulc'}\) |
| unemployment duration rate 失业持续率 |
\(\mathrm{u_L^{DUR}}\) |
| unemployment rate corresponding to
effective full employment 对应于有效充分就业的失业率 |
\(\mathrm{u_{LFE}}\) |
| intensity of unemployment 失业强度 |
\(\mathrm{u_{L}^{INT}}\) |
| velocity of money 货币流通速度 |
\(\mathscr{v}\) |
| aggregate value of labor power(Marxian)
劳动力总价值(马克思) |
\(V\) |
| vertically integrated(total)labor time per
unit output 单位产出的垂直整合(总)劳动时间 |
v |
| vector of vertically integrated labor
times 垂直整合的劳动时间向量 |
\(\mathbf{v}\) |
| wage bill converted to hours of labor
through some ratio of money to hours =\(\mathrm{W}/\mu'\)按货币与时间的某
-比例被转化为劳动小时数的工资 |
\(V'\) |
| vacancies 空缺 |
VC |
| vacancy rate=\(\mathrm{V/L_s}\) 空缺率 |
\(\mathrm{v_{C}}\) |
| vertically integrated unit profit
垂直整合的单位利润 |
vm |
| integrated output-capital ratio
整合的产出-资本比 |
VR |
| vertically integrated unit labor costs
垂直整合的单位劳动力成本 |
vulc |
| real vertically integrated unit labor
costs 实际垂直整合的单位劳动力成本 |
vulcr |
| vertically integrated capital- output
ratio 垂直整合的资本-产出比 |
\(\mathrm{v_{K}}\) |
| vertically integrated profit/wage
ratio=vertically integrated unit profit/vertically integrated unit labor
costs = vprof/vulc 垂直整合的利润-工资比 =
垂直整合单位利润/垂直整合单位劳动力成本 |
\(\mathrm{v\sigma_{PW}}\) |
| wage bill |
W |
| 含义 |
最终符号 |
| wage per unit labor, nominal wage, wage
rate 单位劳动力的工资, 名义工资, 工资率 |
w |
| Weight(trade weight, industry weight)
权重(贸易权重, 行业权重) |
\(\mathscr{w}\) |
| Wage basket vector wage goods per worker
一篮子工资向量=单位工人工资品 |
\(\mathbf{w}\) |
| sector wage rate relative to the
economy-wide wage rate (\(\mathrm{w_i}/\mathrm{\bar{w}}\))
相对于经济总量工资率的部门工资率 |
\(\mathbb{W}\) |
| wage bill per shift 每班工资 |
\(\mathrm{\bar{W}}\) |
| wages paid per hour of work
每劳动小时支付的工资 |
\(\mathrm{\bar{w}}\) |
| deviation of nominal wage growth from
fitted wage-share Phillips curve
名义工资增长对拟合的工资份额菲利普斯曲线的偏离 |
\(\bar{\omega}\) |
| wage equivalent of proprietor &
partner’s income 所有人及合伙人的收入 等价物 |
WEQ |
| hourly wage 小时工资 |
\(\mathrm{w_h}\) |
| wage per worker 人均工资 |
\(\mathrm{w_{N}}\) |
| labor cost of finished goods
产成品劳动力成本 |
\(\mathrm{W_{P}}\) |
| vector of real wage goods
实际工资品向量 |
\(\mathbf{wr}\) |
| real wage 实际工资 |
wr |
| real wage as a function of profit rate
作为利润率的函数的实际工资 |
wr(r) |
| labor costs, work in progress 劳动力成本,
在产品 |
\(\mathrm{W_{WIP}}\) |
| Gross Output 总产出 |
X |
| vector gross output 总产出向量 |
\(\mathbf{X}\) |
| completed production finished goods
产成品 |
\(\mathrm{X_{P}}\) |
| volume of total real output
总实际产出量 |
XR |
| quantity of some commodity, total output
per worker-hour \((\mathrm{\frac{X_1(H,\iota)}{H_{1}N}})\)
某种商品的数量、 单位工作小时总产出 |
xr |
| output per worker, productivity per
worker, gross output per hour 每个工人的产出、 每个工人的生产率、
每小时总产出 |
\(\mathrm{xr_{h}}\) |
| profit-maximizing output
利润最大化时的产出 |
\(\mathrm{XR'}\) |
| 含义 |
最终符号 |
| output the full-employment level
充分就业水平产出 |
\(\mathrm{XR_{FE}}\) |
| sales of finished goods (finished
intermediate inputs+final sales)
产成品销售额(产成中间投入品+最终销售额) |
\(\mathrm{X_{S}}\) |
| net output, value added, domestic net
supply, private sector income
净产出、价值增加值、国内净供给量、私人部门收入 |
Y |
| nominal income per person, net output per
worker, hourly income 人均名义收入、每个工人的净产出、单位小时收入 |
y |
| net output vector 净产出向量 |
\(\mathbf{Y}\) |
| domestically available supply
国内可获得供给 |
\(\mathbb{Y}\) |
| money value of output as a function of the
profit rate 作为利润率的函数的产出品的货币价值 |
Y(r) |
| equilibrium output 均衡产出 |
\(\mathrm{Y^*}\) |
| the mean labor income of an exponential
distribution 指数分布的劳动者收 |
\(\mathrm{\bar{y}}\) |
| dividend yield 股息收益率 |
\(\mathscr{y}_{dv}\) |
| equity yield 股权收益率 |
\(\mathscr{y}_{eq}\) |
| full-employment output 充分就业产出 |
\(\mathrm{Y_{FE}}\) |
| labor productivity = nominal value
added/GDP price deflator = (y/\(\mathrm{p_Y}\))生产率 =
名义价值增加值/GDP的价格平减指数 |
yr |
| level of real output, real net national
income 实际产出水平、 实际净国民收入 |
YR |
| (real) output per hour 单位小时
(实际)产出 |
\(\mathrm{yr_{h}}\) |
| engineering capacity 工程产能(产能) |
\(\mathrm{YR_{max}}\) |
| normal capacity output 正常产能产出 |
\(\mathrm{YR_{n}}\) |
| productivity at normal capacity
正常产能生产率 |
\(\mathrm{yr_{n}}\) |
| Sraffa‘s standard commodity of net outputs
斯拉法标准商品的净产出 |
\(\mathrm{YR_{s}}\) |
| average depletion (depreciation or
retirement) rate depletion rate=Z/K (-1)平均损耗(折旧或退废)
率、损耗率 |
z |
| 含义 |
最终符号 |
| aggregate current value of depletions of
capital Stock(retirements or depreciation) 总资本存量损耗总现值
(退废或折旧) |
Z |
| historical cost depletions
历史成本损耗 |
ZH |
| generic parameter 通用参数 |
\(\alpha\) |
| generic parameter 通用参数 |
\(\beta\) |
| adjustment coefficient 调整系数 |
\(\gamma\) |
| classical distance measure
古典的距离量度 |
\(\delta_{\mathrm{c}}\) |
| Euclidean distance 欧几里得距离 |
\(\delta_{\mathrm{e}}\) |
| inventory change, total 存货变动,
总量 |
\(\Delta\mathrm{INV}\) |
| inventory change, materials 存货变动,
原料 |
\(\Delta\mathrm{INV_{A}}\) |
| inventory change, finished goods 存货变动,
产成品 |
\(\Delta\mathrm{INV_{P}}\) |
| unplanned inventory change
非计划存货变动 |
\(\Delta\mathrm{INV_{u}}\) |
| inventory change, work in progress
存货变动, 在产品 |
\(\Delta\mathrm{INV_{WIP}}\) |
| shocks representing effects of the
turbulent equalization of demand/supply as well as of output/capacity
表现为对需求供给以及产出/产能带来湍流均等化影响的冲击 |
\(\varepsilon\) |
| random error 随机误差 |
\(\epsilon\) |
| sum of errors 误差和 |
\(\eta\) |
| liquidity premia (Panico) 流动性溢价
(帕尼科) |
\(\vartheta,
\vartheta_0, \vartheta_{\mathrm{K}}\) |
| capital per unit physical output, capital
intensity 单位实物产出的资本、资本密集度 |
\(\kappa\) |
| capital margin= capital per unit sales
单位销售额资本 |
\(\kappa'\) |
| unit capital in banking nominal capital
per unit loan 银行单位资本、单位贷款名义资本 |
\(\kappa'_{\mathrm{B}}\) |
| capital-output ratio at normal capacity
utilization 正常产能利用率下的资本-产出比 |
\(\kappa_{\mathrm{n}}\) |
| real fixed capital per loan at normal
capacity 正常产能下单位贷款的实际固定资本 |
\(\kappa
\mathrm{r_{B}^{f}}\) |
| 含义 |
最终符号 |
| adjustment coefficient 调整系数 |
\(\psi\) |
| eigenvalue, characteristic root of a
matrix 特征值, 矩阵的特征根 |
\(\lambda\) |
| units of money per labor hour, monetary
equivalent of total labor time, ratio of sum of prices to sum of labor
values
每劳动小时的货币单位、总劳动时间的货币等价物、价格总和与劳动价值总和之比 |
\(\mu,
\mu'\) |
| total market prices/total labor value
(TPM/TV) 总市场价格/总劳动价值 |
\(\bar{\mu}\) |
| relative efficiency factor
相对效率因子 |
\(\xi\) |
| rate of inflation 通货膨胀率 |
\(\pi\) |
| retirement rate 退废率 |
\(\rho\) |
| vector of physical rates of surplus for
each sector 各部门实物剩余率向量 |
\(\boldsymbol{\varrho}\) |
| share of investment in profit and growth
utilization rate=I/P 利润中的投资份额、 增长利用率 |
\(\sigma'\) |
| profit share in net output
净产出中的利润份额 |
\(σ_{P}\) |
| normal profit share in net output
净产出中的正常利润份额 |
\(σ_{\mathrm{P_{n}}}\) |
| proportion of property income to total
personal income 财产收入占个人总收入的比例 |
\(𝜎_{\mathrm{PP}}\) |
| corporate wage-profit ratio
公司企业工资-利润比 |
\(𝜎_{\mathrm{PW}}\) |
| wage share in net output
净产出中的工资份额 |
\(𝜎_{\mathrm{W}}\) |
| wage share as a function of profit rate
工资份额作为利润率的函数 |
\(𝜎_{\mathrm{W}(r)}\) |
| throughput 产能 |
\(\tau\) |
| index of tradable and nontradable prices
可贸易与非贸易价格指数 |
\(\tau,
\tau^*\) |
| employment rate = 1-\(\mathrm{u_L}\) 就业率 |
\(\upsilon\) |
| cumulative probability distribution from
above 累积概率分布 |
\(\Phi(y)\) |
| disturbance term = \((1+\sigma_{\mathrm{i}})/(1+\sigma_{\mathrm{j}})\)
扰动项 |
\(\chi\) |
| total surplus product 总剩余产品 |
\(\Omega\) |
| vector of surplus products
剩余产品向量 |
\(\mathbf{\Omega}\) |
| surplus product, gross 剩余产品, 总量 |
\(\Omega_{G}\) |