From: andy@werple.mira.net.au (Andy Blunden) 25/6/97 Mustafa, there may have been misunderstanding? You said: "Matter, objectivity, particular, and similarly, idea, subjectivity, universal can be used equivalently" I read this as [Matter vs idea] = [objectivity vs subjectivity] = [particular vs. universal] . I know that there a many PARALLELS between these different constrasts, but I say they should not be equated. IE the contrast between matter and idea is not the same as the contrast between particular and universal. Obviously you do not equate matter and consciousness or universal and particular. May be a language problem. I'm not sure. Andy