Vladimir Ilyich Lenin

NOTEBOOK “ο”

(“OMICRON”)


NEUE RHEINISCHE ZEITUNG

Neue Rheinische Zeitung. A political-economic review, edited by Karl Marx (Nos. I—V/VI, each in one small volume), London, 1850.

No. I , January 1850.—No. II , February 1850.— No. III, March 1850.—No. IV, April 1850.—No. V/VI (without cover), 1850.


 Apparently, everything (not everything[1])
from here has been reprinted by Mehring in
the Literary Heritage (look up!). Note
characteristic passage in a small “Mis-
cellaneous
” item in No. IV: “Gott-
fried Kinkel
[2] (trounced for his
vile monarchical speech before the military
tribunal) (unsigned):
p. 47
at the end

N.B.!
surrender
of the
left bank of
the Rhine to
the French
 ...“In the same way, Herr Kinkel de-
nounces his own party to the military tribu-
nal, by talking about plans for surrendering
the left bank of the Rhine to France and
declaring himself innocent of these crimi-
nal projects. Herr Kinkel is very well
aware that the union of the Rhine province
with France was only spoken of in the
sense that in the decisive fight between
revolution and counter-revolution this prov-
ince would infallibly side with the revo-
lution, whoever were to represent the
latter—the French or Chinese”... (p. 71).
N.B.

p. 397, in Vol. III of Mehring’s edition

Mehring writes, pp. 479-80 (Vol. III), that he has omitted the whole “April survey” (i.e., in No. IV) and from the February (No. II) survey he has taken only material about California, etc., and about Chinese socialism


 On the side of the revolutionary nation—no matter
whether the French or Chinese! Compare what Engels
wrote in 1859 (?) in The Po and the Rhine,[3] where he
fanned the national passions of the Germans against
Napoleon III, who was making “our best provinces”
an object of diplomatic intrigue, etc.
 Highly characteristic in reference to the national
question!
Everything depends on whether, at the given
time, it is the nation that is revolutionary or Napo-
leon III!!

Ibidem, No. IV, p. 58 (p. 438, Vol. III of Mehring’s edition) (de Girardin, “Socialism and Taxation”).[4]

abolition
of the state
 ...“Behind the abolition of taxes lies
concealed the abolition of the state. For
the Communists, the abolition of the state
has only one meaning, as the necessary
result of the abolition of classes, together
with which there disappears the need for
an organised force of one class to hold down
the others”....

Ibidem, p. 55: “Taxes, increased to enormous proportions during a revolution, may serve as a form of attack against private property; but even then they must either lead to new revolutionary measures or, in the end, lead to the reestablishment of the old bourgeois relations”....

p. 436, Vol. III of Mehring’s edition

 No. 5/6, p. 158 (from the “Review,
May-October”, dated London, Novem-
ber 1, 1850. Unsigned).[5]
 ...“The hitherto existing organisa-
tion of the Chartist party is also
falling to pieces . The petty bour-
geois
who remain in the party,
together with the labour
aristocracy
form a purely dem-
ocratic group, the programme of
which is confined to the People’s
Charter and a few other petty-bourgeois
reforms. The mass of the work-
ers
who live under really
proletarian
conditions, belong
to the revolutionary group of the
Chartists.” (The leader of the first
group is Feargus O’Connor, of the sec-
ond—Julian Harney and Ernest Jones)
p. 468, Vol. III of Mehring’s edition).
N.B.:
two groups of
Chartism: (1)
petty bourgeoisie
+ labour
aristocracy
(petty bourgeois
reformists)
(2) “mass” of really
proletarian revolu-
tionaries

 No. II, pp. 71-73 (in the “Review”)[6]
on the counter-revolutionary role of
Russia after 1848 and 1849, a possible
“European war” against Russia
(England will decide), and
the “barbarian hordes of Russia”
capable of “overwhelming Germany”
N.B.

amusing!  Ibidem, p. 78—(London, January 1,
1850)—on revolution in China (a Chi-
nese Republic—that is what the “Euro-
pean reactionaries” may find in China).

p. 445, Vol. III of Mehring’s edition

“our European reactionaries in their shortly
impending flight to Asia”: ha-ha!!

 The European reactionaries will flee to Asia from the
European revolution, they will reach the Chinese “wall”
and find inscribed on it: “The Chinese Republic. Liberty!
Equality! Fraternity!” Such is Marx’s view.

not in
Mehring
Ibidem, p. 80: the example of
Switzerland shows the meaning of the
“ostensible ‘independence’ of small states
in the midst of the modern great nations”
(either the Holy Alliance will crush
Switzerland or the revolution “will not
tolerate
” “such a treacherous and cowardly
government in the heart of Europe”....)
!!!

not
in
Mehring
 These remarks on Switzerland were in
connection with the publication of a plan for
an attack on Switzerland (by Germany +
Austria + Russia + France)—a plan against
France, with auxiliary operations against
Switzerland and Turkey. The “Holy Alliance”
against revolution.

N.B.
episode
of the
struggle
of counter-
revolution
against
revolution!
 “This much is certain: the Holy Alliance
will march already this year, either first
against Switzerland or Turkey, or directly
against France, but in both cases the Federal
Council is doomed. By its cowardly neutral-
ity it has predetermined its own downfall,
whether it is the Holy Alliance or the Revo-
lution that reaches Berne first. The counter-
revolution cannot be satisfied with its con-
cessions because of its more or less revolu-
tionary origin; the revolution cannot for
a single moment tolerate the existence of such
a treacherous and cowardly government in
the heart of Europe, surrounded by the three
nations most directly involved in the move-
ment. The behaviour of the Swiss Federal
Council is the most striking and, it is to be
hoped, the last example of the meaning of the
ostensible ‘independence’ of small states
in
the midst of the modern great nations

(p. 80). (End.)
not
in
Mehring

and p. 72—Switzerland was cowardly “in regard
to both the Holy Alliance and the émigrés” (N.B.)....
“If Switzerland insulted the Holy Alliance, on the
other hand it betrayed the revolution” (73).
N.B.

p. 72—the certainty that a European war is impending (unleashed by Russia against Turkey). Revolution is growing in Paris—“the centre of revolution” (72)—and in “Western Europe” (sic!! 71-72: “Western Europe”)....

In France, revolution is growing (74), the peasants will be drawn into movement, hence “confidence in the speedy victory of the revolution” (74) (sic!!)....


Notes

[1] Above the word “everything” Lenin later wrote “not everything”, having found material from Nos. IV and II not reprinted by Mehring (see Lenin’s remarks on pp. 635, 636 and 637 of this volume).—Ed.

[2] See Marx and Engels, Gottfried Kinkel. Neue Rheinische Zeitung Politisch-oekonomische Revue, Rütten and Loening, Berlin, pp. 218-19.

[3] The book by Engels, The Po and the Rhine, was published in Berlin in 1859.

[4] See Marx and Engels, A review of Emile de Girardin: “Le socialisme et l’impôt” (see Neue Rheinische Zeitung No. 4, 1850. Politisch-oekonomische Revue, Rütten and Loening, Berlin, pp. 205-12).

[5] See Marx and Engels, Third International Review from May to October. (Neue Rheinische Zeitung Politisch-oekonomische Revue, Heft 5 und 6, pp. 304-33).

[6] See Marx and Engels, First International Review. (Neue Rheinische Zeitung Politisch-oekonomische Revue, Heft 2, pp. 115-21).


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