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From The New International, Vol. XI No. 7, October 1945, pp. 218–221.
Transcribed & marked up by Einde O’Callaghan for ETOL.
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[We herewith continue the publication of the documents relating to the question of the unification of the Workers Party and the Socialist Workers Party, first proposed in a resolution of the ”Minority” of the latter party. This resolution and a resolution of the Workers Party in reply to it appeared in our September issue. The first of the documents that follow is a letter from James P. Cannon, national secretary of the Socialist Workers Party, asking for more precise information on how the unification is to be brought about and stating the readiness of the Socialist Workers Party to participate in a meeting of representatives of both organizations for purposes of “exploratory verbal discussion.” The second document is a detailed and specific presentation of the Workers Party position on the basis of unification. The exchange of these documents was followed by two meetings of representatives from each organization. The third document recapitulates the point of view of the Workers Party in the light of these meetings. It was presented to the National Committee of the Socialist Workers Party, meeting in plenary session. The resolution adopted by the SWP National Committee and comment upon it by the Workers Party will appear in our next issue. – Editors] |
August 28, 1945
Max Shachtman,
National Secretary,
Workers Party,
New York, N.Y.
Dear Comrades:
Your letter of August 22 with the enclosed statement of your National Committee On the Unification of the Workers Party and the Socialist Workers Party has been received and discussed by our Political Committee. We especially note your declaration, in Point 5 of your statement, that the Workers Party is “prepared to discuss the question of unity with the Socialist Workers Party.” We are in favor of such a discussion and will so recommend to the next Plenum of our National Committee.
In view of the sharp conflicts which resulted in the split between us and the formation of your own organization five years ago, and in view of the deep differences which have separated us since, we believe that the National Committee’s consideration of the question will be facilitated if you will indicate more precisely and more concretely your view of how the unification is to be brought about and what form it should take.
We have always proceeded from the point of view that programmatic agreement on the most important and decisive questions is the only sound basis for unification; and that, when divergences of opinion occur, unity can be maintained only by the scrupulous observance of the democratic principle of the subordination of the minority to the majority and strict discipline in public activity and action.
If, in the course of the discussion, it appears that we are approaching agreement on the most important political questions, as well as upon the organizational principle referred to above: and that unification is a realistic perspective, then systematic joint consultation and plans for the cooperation of the two organizations for the carrying out of practical work pending the formal unification, would follow as a matter of course. But to attempt to begin with such practical cooperation, prior to a definite approach to unification, would seem to us to put things upside down and lead to a sharpening of conflicts over secondary questions rather than to their moderation. In our view, “the practical possibilities of living and working together harmoniously” flow naturally and inevitably from a basic agreement on the fundamental questions, not vice versa. Friction and conflict arise from political disagreement rather than from personal incompatibility. In the long run, the latter is always subordinated to the former. In our opinion, the question of unification must be discussed with complete frankness and seriousness. The aim must be to effect a genuine unification on a firm and long-lasting basis. We, for our part, believe that unity would be a good thing if it is firmly based and leads to the strengthening of the party and the building up of the party. On the other hand, a unification followed by a sharp faction fight and another split would be highly injurious to the party.
The views set forth above are designed to give a concrete basis to the preliminary discussions between us. Naturally, we are perfectly willing to hear and consider any different form of preliminary approach which you m~y wish to make. If you think that any exploratory verbal discussion would facilitate the preparation and organization of the agenda for a thorough-going consideration of the whole problem of unification in all its aspects, a subcommittee of our PC is prepared to meet with you for such a preliminary discussion. Such a meeting can be arranged on short notice by a telephone call to Comrade Stein, Organizational Secretary, at the National Office of the SWP.
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Yours fraternally, |
September 15, 1945
James P. Cannon,
National Secretary,
Socialist Workers Party,
New York, N.Y.
Dear Comrade:
Our Political Committee has discussed your letter of August 28 on the question of the unification of the Socialist Workers Party and the Workers Party, and wishes to place before you its views on the matter dealt with in your communication.
We have taken note, first of all, of your statement that you are
in favor of a discussion on the question of unification of the two
parties and will so recommend to the next Plenum of your National
Committee. We have no doubt that such a discussion, carried on with
the candor and seriousness to which you refer, and animated by a
mutual desire to reach speedily the solid basis for unity which we
believe exists, can result in the consolidation of a strong and
healthy party of the Fourth International in the United States, with
stimulating effects upon the movement in every other country. The
reasons for this conviction have already been stated in a general way
in the Resolution on Unity adopted by our National Committee
and sent to you on August 22.
To us, the central question to settle is the basis for unification, which, in the concrete case, is the question of the basis for the revolutionary Marxian party. You state in your letter that the Socialist Workers Party has “always proceeded from the point of view that programmatic agreement on the most important and decisive questions is the only sound basis for unification.” As we have understood this conception, which applies not only to the basis for unification between two revolutionary organizations but in general to the basis for existence and functioning of a revolutionary party, we are able to subscribe to your formula. In the present case, however, the concrete meaning of the formula is not sufficiently clear to us. The ambiguity to which it lends itself is heightened in our minds precisely because of what you call “the split between us and the formation of your own organization five years ago, and ... the deep differences which have separated us since.”
If, by “programmatic agreement on the most important and
decisive questions,” you refer to agreement with the fundamental
principles of Marxism and the basic program of the Fourth
International as worked out in the whole period, that is one matter.
In that case, any preliminary discussion between us could only
establish the fact that on this plane, the plane of basic program and
principle, the two parties are close enough in their positions to
require and justify immediate unification, on grounds similar to
those which made their membership in one party possible and desirable
in the period prior to the split. We are quite prepared to engage in
such a discussion, but our knowledge of the similarity of position of
the two parties on this plane, as revealed in their public documents,
causes us to regard such a discussion as a formality.
In other words, we feel, for our part, that an extensive discussion for the purpose of establishing “that we are approaching agreement” on such basic questions is not essential. On these basic questions, sufficient agreement already exists to warrant unification, and a discussion could only record that fact.
If, however, “programmatic agreement” refers to agreement on those theoretical, political and even organizational questions that have divided us in the past, that seems to us to be a different matter. The differences between the two parties on these questions are not less well-known than the points of agreement. They relate to such questions as the class character of the Russian state; the slogan of “unconditional defense of the Soviet Union,” the application of the Leninist theory on the national question to the world today, in particular to Europe; aspects of the military policy of the revolutionary Party; application of the principle of democratic centralism and the question of party regime; and a number of questions of lesser prominence and significance. In some instances, these are differences between our party and yours; in others, it has not always been clear whether our differences are with questions officially taken by the Socialist Workers Party or only by individual party representatives. But even if in every instance, the specific differences were between the two parties officially, that would not in our view, rule out unification. Our position on this point has already been set forth with sufficient clarity in the Resolution of our National Committee. We reiterate it here:
The differences that do exist between the two parties are not,
singly or severally, of a nature that is impermissible within the
framework of one revolutionary Marxist party. It is possible for the
two parties to unite now into one, despite these differences,
because, as our resolution states, first, there is a sufficient
fundamental agreement in principle between them, and second, the main
political difference which engendered the original separation into
two parties, namely, the question of “unconditional defense of
the Soviet Union,” does not now have the same acuteness or
prominence that it had at the beginning of the war, according to the
declarations of the Socialist Workers Party.
These facts, too, we believe, could only be recorded by a more detailed discussion between representatives of the two parties. From that standpoint, such a discussion would be profitable. By means of a discussion, to be sure, the character, scope and means of regulating (eventually, disposing of) these differences could be established more precisely. But in view of the lengthy period over which these differences have developed, and the vast documentary material presented on them by both sides, it is, of course, m6st unlikely that they could be eliminated in one, or even two or three such preliminary meetings, and a completely common point of view worked out.
The fact cannot be ignored that we have the same firmness and depth of conviction about the views we hold on a number of theoretical and political questions as the comrades of the S.W.P. have of their views. It is not to be denied, either, that these views relate to significant and important questions. Furthermore, we are the last to minimize the importance of political and theoretical questions, and of taking a correct position on them.
We do not regard this as a hindrance to early unification,
however. As all of us in the movement have held, a “monolithic”
party is neither possible nor desirable. In the history of the Fourth
International, there have been, and still are, sections in which the
differences on certain theoretical and political questions were
greater than those which today divide the Socialist Workers Party and
the Workers Party. It might be added that within the Workers Party
itself, we regard as entirely permissible the existence of a
difference in some controversial questions, which are not less
important than those which, on other questions separate us from the
S.W.P. We not only believe that our differences with the S.W.P. today
are of such a nature as are quite permissible within the limits of a
united revolutionary party, but that they can be fruitfully debated
and best settled by means of comradely discussion, organized and
conducted in the best traditions of democratic centralism, within the
ranks of one party.
These views, if we may repeat, make up our conception of the basis for unification and the basis for the revolutionary party in general. If your views are the same as ours on this score, or similar to ours, we would consider that very little remains for the achievement of unity beyond the discussion and settlement of practical organizational steps. Moreover, agreement on this would dispel any impression that the indispensable precondition for unification of two revolutionary Marxist groups is an agreement on every theoretical, political, and organizational question. However, if your conception differs in any important aspect from ours, we are prepared to discuss it with the necessary objectivity. A precise formulation by you would make it possible for us to express a precise opinion.
There remain three points which are dealt with in your letter.
To the statement quoted above, you add “... when divergences of opinion occur, unity can be maintained only by the scrupulous observance of the democratic principle of the subordination of the minority to the majority and strict discipline in public activity and action.” To this point of view, too, we subscribe. We have maintained this view throughout the existence of the Workers Party. We would, of course, continue to maintain it within the united party. To this view, we join the view, likewise well-established in the entire revolutionary Marxian movement, that a minority has the right and even the duty to disseminate and defend its special point of view in the party, and that the majority – precisely because it is the majority and therefore mainly responsible for the leadership and integrity of the organization – has the special obligation to protect the rights of a minority as a function of its obligation to preserve the rights and interests of the party as a whole. Having these conceptions, we believe that a “genuine unification on a firm and long-lasting basis” is possible. It goes without saying that we share the view that a “unification followed by a sharp faction fight and another split would be highly injurious to the party.” No serious comrade could contemplate a unification of this kind. A faction fight of any sort, much less a split, following the unification, would compromise both the party and those responsible for such lamentable consequences of the unity. In any case, it seems to us, the unification would have to be followed by a period of intensive common activity in the class struggle, during which – while the opinions and rights of any minority would be respected and protected – factionalism, mutual recrimination, and judgments of the old division would be abjured.
On the basis of the foregoing, we have no difficulty in meeting your request that we indicate more precisely and more concretely our view of how the unification is to be brought about and what form it should take.
Once it is agreed that there is sufficient accord in our positions
on the fundamental principles of Marxism and to make possible and
justify unity; once it is agreed that the differences we do have
(which we do not wish to conceal) are of a nature that may exist
within the ranks of a single revolutionary party – the only
important point left is the discussion of the practical
organizational steps for fusing the two parties into one.
If the comrades of the Socialist Workers Party feel that a preliminary exchange of opinions, especially on controversial questions, would make for a better and more fruitful understanding on the respective views among the membership of the two parties, and would. contribute to a smoother passage to a healthy unity, we are ready to consider the publication under the joint auspices of the two Committees of a discussion bulletin open to both organizations. If this measure is considered superfluous, and the Socialist Workers Party is of the opinion that a discussion of controversial questions is, under the circumstances, better held after the unity, the decision is in its hands. In that case representative Committees of the two parties could, as is customary, arrange the details of the fusion. A National Committee could be set up subject to review by the first convention of the united party; similarly in the case of officers of the party. The question of merging the two theoretical and popular organs could also be settled by the two negotiating Committees.
In our case, as, we suppose, in the case of the Socialist Workers Party, all these proposals, if agreed upon the Committees of the two parties, would be subject to the preliminary approval of a National Convention. One further point, in conclusion. We find that we do not agree with your statement on the possibility or expediency of practical collaboration in a number of fields, to be carried on between now and the eventual union of the two parties.
You say that “to attempt to begin with such practical
cooperation, prior to a definite approach to unification, would seem
to us to put things upside down and lead to a sharpening of conflicts
over secondary questions rather than to their moderation.”
We call your attention, first, to the fact that it is not practical collaboration that we are beginning with. Both organizations have already begun with the question of unification, the Workers Party by its resolution in favor of unification and the Socialist Workers Party by. its decision in favor of unification. The fact that both parties envisage unification as a practical possibility – and unless they did, further discussion would be superfluous or deceptive – creates, in our view, the basis for considering, now, agreement for practical collaboration in specific, concrete fields of work. Second, it is difficult for us to see why such collaboration would necessarily, or at all, lead to a sharpening of conflicts.
On some questions there are, it is true, differences in theory. But we have always held that it is precisely in those cases where there is a difference in theory or program between two proletarian organizations, and not contrariwise, that practical collaboration is necessary and possible – provided, of course, that the two organizations have a similar standpoint or aim in the practical step: Such collaboration is not less indicated between organizations with a similar program. It is certainly ten times more warranted in the case of two organizations which have already commenced to discuss the question of unity between themselves.
Naturally, when there are specific political disagreements on actual tasks, tasks of the day, practical collaboration is not possible between the organizations involved. For example, we cannot today have practical collaboration between the parties on the question of the election in Detroit. But the two parties can, even now, we are convinced, reach a high measure of fruitful collaboration in such matters as a joint fight, or joint consultation in the fight, for these slogans and aims which we put forward in much the same way in the trade unions. Similar practical collaboration is possible and desirable in the case of the New York municipal elections; in the case of the united action against Fascists like Smith and Winrod; in the case of joint efforts on behalf of our comrades of the Fourth International abroad, etc., etc.
For these reasons, we request that you reconsider your position.
We have set forth our views on a number of questions as plainly as we can with the aim of clearing all obstacles off the road to unity and without concealing our differences in general or our differences, to the extent that they exist, on the question of unity itself. It is quite possible that we have failed to express ourselves in all questions with the necessary clarity, or have failed to deal with all the questions of importance. If that proves to be so, in your view, we are prepared upon request to elaborate our views on any point germane to the question of unification. We are ready to deal with any such points in further correspondence, or orally in a meeting with the sub-committee appointed by your Political Committee. Meanwhile, we await your reply to the present communication.
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Yours fraternally, |
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